Behind the Breakthroughs

When a rare genetic mutation left baby KJ without any treatment options, scientists and regulators confronted a profound ethical question: should medicine move fast enough to save a single child? For geneticist Vanessa Almendro-Navarro, PhD, KJ’s case represented both an urgent humanitarian mission and a glimpse into the future of personalized medicine. In this interview, she explains how her team created a bespoke gene-editing therapy for KJ, what it reveals about the rise of one-patient medicines, and how unprecedented collaboration is reshaping the boundaries of science and ethics.Produced and hosted by Jonathan D. Grinstein, PhDAudio mixed and mastered by David MoselyBrought to you by Inside Precision Medicine (SAGE Publishing)

Shana Kelley, PhD, embraces bold, science-fiction-like challenges, such as developing real-time technologies to monitor immune activity—work that demands cross-disciplinary expertise, flexible funding, and visionary leadership. As a Professor at Northwestern University and President of the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub Chicago, she advances “instrumented tissues” to precisely measure biological processes, sharing her passion and insights on innovation in this episode of Behind the Breakthroughs.Produced and hosted by Jonathan D. Grinstein, PhDAudio mixed and mastered by David MoselyBrought to you by Inside Precision Medicine (SAGE Publishing)

Mara Aspinall has long been a leader in precision medicine, championing diagnostics as vital to better treatments and saving lives. She built Genzyme Genetics into the nation’s top testing business, later acquired by LabCorp for $1 billion, and led Ventana (now Roche Tissue Diagnostics) in pioneering companion diagnostics. As co-founder of BlueStone Venture Partners and partner at Illumina Ventures, she continues shaping the field. She also publishes the Diagnostics Year in Review, serves on multiple boards, and co-founded ASU’s School of Biomedical Diagnostics. This episode explores both her vision for testing and her journey to becoming a transformative leader.Produced and hosted by Jonathan D. Grinstein, PhDAudio mixed and mastered by David MoselyBrought to you by Inside Precision Medicine (SAGE Publishing)

David R. Liu, PhD, Harvard and Broad Institute professor, invented base and prime editing—gene editing tools now in 20+ clinical trials with early wins against sickle cell, leukemia, and more. Founder of Editas, Beam, and Prime Medicine, and winner of the 2025 Breakthrough Prize, Liu joins Behind The Breakthroughs to share how chemistry and evolution are driving the next wave of medicine.Produced and hosted by Jonathan D. Grinstein, PhDAudio mixed and mastered by David MoselyBrought to you by Inside Precision Medicine (SAGE Publishing)

Janice Chen, PhD, helped transform CRISPR from a lab discovery into a life-saving tool. As co-founder of Mammoth Biosciences with Jennifer Doudna, Trevor Martin, and Lucas Harrington, she’s driven efforts to harness CRISPR for human health and diagnostics. On Behind the Breakthroughs, Chen shares how she’s turning a once-theoretical gene editor into a medical revolution.Produced and hosted by Jonathan D. Grinstein, PhDAudio mixed and mastered by David MoselyBrought to you by Inside Precision Medicine (SAGE Publishing)

With recent safety setbacks in gene therapy underscoring the risks of genetic medicine, Amber Salzman, PhD, is charting a different course. After 25 years in big pharma, she now leads Epicrispr, where their Gene Expression Modulation System (GEMS) fine-tunes gene activity to tackle diseases too complex for traditional gene replacement, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy. On Behind the Breakthroughs, Salzman shares how epigenomic modulation could open new frontiers in treatment.Produced and hosted by Jonathan D. Grinstein, PhDAudio mixed and mastered by David MoselyBrought to you by Inside Precision Medicine (SAGE Publishing)