Babbage from The Economist

Talking to computers can be frustrating—ask anyone who’s been on the phone recently to automated customer services. A decade ago, the arrival of voice assistants such as Amazon’s Alexa or Apple’s Siri was supposed to mark a new era in how humans interacted with machines, but their limitations quickly became apparent. In recent months, though, computerised voices seem to have moved light-years ahead. You can now have a conversation with OpenAI’s ChatGPT. You can clone your own voice. You can even generate and interact with a personalised podcast, where AI presenters will discuss any documents you like. The voice AI revolution has finally arrived. How will it change the way we interact with the digital world?Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor. Contributors: Alex Hern, our AI correspondent; Vasco Pedro of Unbabel; Mati Staniszewski of ElevenLabs; Steven Johnson of Google Labs.For more on this topic, listen to our sister podcast “The Weekend Intelligence”, which asked: can AI help us communicate with the dead?Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

Sound is central to life underwater. The list of marine creatures that are known to rely on sound for navigation, communication and much more is growing, as is the awareness of the complex ways in which they use it. But as humanity has extended its footprint into the seas, it has done so noisily. The soundscape of the ocean has been thrown out of balance and researchers are now developing new technologies—from bubble screens to “acoustic black holes”—to protect marine life from the excessive noise.Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor. Contributors: Moira Donovan, a journalist who writes for The Economist; Amorina Kingdon, science writer and author of “Sing Like Fish”, and Tom Smith of University College London. Special thanks to John Hildebrand of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. This episode features audio from Sea Search. Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

An adult human body is thought to consist of more than 37trn cells, of more than 5,000 distinct types. Surprisingly little is known about some of these fundamental biological building blocks. Through cutting-edge sequencing technology and enormous AI models, the Human Cell Atlas project is meticulously identifying and locating every type of cell in a person over the course of their lifetime. As a result, researchers are building an invaluable resource for studying development, disease and potential treatments—from digital twins of the human body to transplantable, lab-grown organs. We pay a visit to the Wellcome Sanger Institute and speak to the founder of the initiative.Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor, with senior editor Geoff Carr. Contributors: Sarah Teichmann of the University of Cambridge; Liz Easthope, Katy Tudor, Muzlifah Haniffa, Nadav Yayon and Veronika Kedlian of the Wellcome Sanger Institute.Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

From poker to Playstations, people love games. In recent years, “gamification” has become big business as tech companies have tapped into gameplay as a way to make their products more compelling. Dating apps, ride-hailing services and social media, to name just a few, have all deployed the techniques of games to keep us hooked. Games have influenced how our brains have developed and they’ve also intruded into many unexpected aspects of our lives. In this episode, we learn how games have changed the course of history and how they’re already starting to shape our future. The Economist’s Tom Standage interviews Kelly Clancy, a neuroscientist, physicist and the author of “Playing With Reality”. Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor, hosts.Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

The most transformational impact of AI will probably be to make science faster and more productive. Solve that problem and you can do more great things even faster—alleviate disease, tackle climate change or help astronomers explore new worlds. In this episode, we speak to both the makers of AI models and the researchers who are already seeing the benefits of AI in their laboratories.Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor, interviews Demis Hassabis, CEO of Google DeepMind, and James Manyika, senior vice president of research, technology and society at Google. Jennifer Doudna, founder of the Innovative Genomics Institute, tells us how AI is already making a difference in her labs. The Economist’s Alex Hern considers the future of the field.For more on AI in science, check out our previous episodes of Babbage: how AI promises to revolutionise science (September 2023), our two-parter on AI and health (May 2024) and our series on the science that built the AI revolution (March 2024).Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

Coal is the dirtiest fossil fuel, bad for both the environment and human health. But it still produces a third of the world’s electricity. Eliminating its use will be crucial in the fight against climate change but the task is proving very challenging. As world leaders gather in Azerbaijan this week for the UN’s COP29 climate summit, we travel to South Africa to learn how to (and how not to) phase out coal. We also hear about the issues making waves at COP29—including what Donald Trump’s second presidential term could mean for climate change policy around the world.Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor. Contributors: The Economist’s Vijay Vaitheeswaran, Rachel Dobbs and John McDermott.For more on COP29, check out the latest episode of our “Money Talks” podcast, which examines whether the bill for the energy transition has been overestimated.Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

Diagnoses of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are on the rise around the world. ADHD has traditionally been treated as a dysfunction in the brain, which leads to a range of symptoms that need to be fixed or mitigated, sometimes with medication. But the scientific evidence for that view is beginning to fray. A growing number of experts think that ADHD may simply represent another part of the spectrum of neurodiversity—a different way of being normal. This week, we explore the science underlying this view and the consequences it could have for the way in which the condition could be managed. Is it time to re-think ADHD? Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor. Contributors: Duncan Astle of the University of Cambridge; and The Economist’s Slavea Chankova and Rachel Dobbs.Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

The family of weight-loss jabs known as GLP-1 agonists are among pharma’s biggest blockbusters. But drugs like Ozempic have the potential to do much more than tackle diabetes and obesity. They have been found to treat cardiovascular and kidney disease, and they are also being tested for liver disease, Alzheimer’s and even addiction. If they live up to their promise, GLP-1s are set to transform health care. How can one class of drug do so much?Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor. Contributors: Caroline Messer, an endocrinologist in New York; Daniel Drucker of the University of Toronto; and The Economist’s Natasha Loder and Shailesh Chitnis. For more on this topic, listen to our podcast on the physiological and psychological causes of obesity—and why GLP-1 drugs could reshape the world.Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.

NASA’s multi-billion-dollar Europa Clipper spacecraft is on its way to Europa, one of Jupiter’s mysterious icy moons. The mission will investigate whether the moon, whose icy crust conceals a vast ocean of liquid water, might harbour the kind of environment suitable for alien life. In their search for life elsewhere, scientists have in recent years become much more interested in the outer solar system's icy moons, once considered too far from the Sun to plausibly support life. Europa Clipper is one of several probes heading to (or planned to travel to) those faraway worlds. Will they find signs that life could exist there?Host: Alok Jha, The Economist’s science and technology editor. Contributors: Michele Dougherty and her team at Imperial College London; Nathalie Cabrol of the SETI Institute and the author of “The Secret Life of the Universe”; and The Economist’s Tim Cross.For more on this topic, listen to our podcast on the European Space Agency’s JUICE mission and our interviews with exoplanet hunters Didier Queloz and Jessie Christiansen.Transcripts of our podcasts are available via economist.com/podcasts.Listen to what matters most, from global politics and business to science and technology—subscribe to Economist Podcasts+.For more information about how to access Economist Podcasts+, please visit our FAQs page or watch our video explaining how to link your account.