The Why? Curve

Everyday heroes - what is it that makes some people put themselves in harm's way to save others, while most of us flee from danger? The recent events on a train at Huntingdon - in which a railway employee appears to have suffered terrible injuries by putting himself in front of a man wielding knife - suggest there are those who choose, in a moment of crisis, to put their lives at risk. Why do they do that? Would YOU fight, or would you flee? Phil and Roger examine the psychology behind heroism with Frank McAndrew, Emeritus Professor of Psychology at Knox College in Illinois

Is it time our ancient monarchy got a modern makeover? When a prince of the realm can be downgraded to plain Mr Mountbatten Windsor, has something fundamental shifted in the magic and mystique? The accident of birth means that not all members of the royal family will be morally-upstanding and dutiful. So can a time-honoured but expensive and tainted institution be reformed in a way that fits the 21st century, or is it time to shelve the whole thing in favour of a republic and a president? Francesca Jackson of Lancaster University tells Phil and Roger about her research into the public’s views of constitutional monarchy.

Is everything becoming the same? High streets all over the world with identical shops, people consuming the same burgers, the same video games, the same social media, the same music? Are we losing what makes us different - the cultures, the foods, the languages? In a world of online hyper-connectivity, is it going to be a flattened, greyer world that our children inherit?  Or should we welcome universal homogenisation - the convenience of a one-size-fits-all planet? Phil and Roger get the views of Dr Mike Hynes, lecturer in Environmental Sociology at the University of Galway.

How do you deal with the world's second largest economy when it seem to be intent on spying in the UK, persecuting dissidents here, and hacking into our computer systems? Is the priority national security, or keeping on good terms with our third-largest trading partner at a time when we are in desperate need of economic growth? The challenges of the collapsed spy trial, and whether to give the go-ahead to a new Chinese embassy in London, have brought all these questions to the fore. So Phil and Roger got the view of George Magnus, an associate at the China Centre at Oxford University, a research associate at the School of Oriental and African Studies, and former chief economist of UBS.

Will we all soon be required to show our ID cards? The government says it wants a digital and universal ID system in place to counter illegal working and benefit fraud. It’s been tried before, and many of its opponents say it will fail again. But what is the case for ID cards? Will they solve any problems? Or are they an affront to liberty and a waste of money? Phil and Roger ask Dr Tim Holmes, lecturer in Criminology and Criminal Justice at Bangor University.

The most successful political party in Europe is contemplating oblivion. The Conservatives, soundly rejected last year by voters, have a leader no-one likes, the fewest MPs in their history, and an existential threat from Reform UK’s rise. Is there a way back, as there was after 1997? Or is this the moment the Tories run out of ideas and time? Phil and Roger ask Tim Bale, Professor of Politics at Queen Mary, University of London, and author of “The Conservative Party After Brexit: Turmoil and Transformation”

The US president says paracetamol use can cause autism, and climate change is a giant con. A British GP tells the Reform party Covid vaccinations led to cancer in the royal family. Surveys show faith in conventional science is declining. So are fringe theories and fake medicines becoming mainstream? Is there a risk to our health and the planet as people and politicians are drawn to ideas that aren’t subject to peer review or normal standards of evidence? Phil and Roger hear from Dr Santosh Vijaykumar, associate professor of psychology at the University of Northumbria.

Keir Starmer has made a point of cosying-up to President Trump - even bringing him to the UK for an unprecedented second state visit - but does it actually make any difference to relations between London and Washington? Is the UK a useful ally? A client state? Or a quaint irrelevance in a world dominated by China, Russia and India? And is the rush of tech investment any more than a way of cementing the power of US tech giants in Britain? David Hastings Dunn, Professor of International Politics at the University of Birmingham, tells Phil and Roger it’s going to be hard for the UK to stay friends with a volatile leader like Donald Trump.

Whatever happened to the LibDems? The largest number of MPs for almost a century. The country’s right wing in chaos. The government in meltdown. Surely the one confident, united party should break through? But the LibDems seem to be absent. Phil and Roger speak about this to Paul Whiteley, Professor of Government at the University of Essex.