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mRNA 5' Capping
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All eukaryotic mRNA consists of a cap structure, an N7-methylguanosine, which is connected to the first nucleotide of the RNA by a reverse 5' to 5' triphosphate linkage. In addition to the important role of its cap-dependent protein synthesis promoter, the mRNA cap also serves as a protective group for exonuclease cleavage of 5' to 3' nucleic acids, and is the unique identifier for the recruitment of protein factors for pre-mRNA splicing, polyadenylation and nuclear output. It also functions as an anchor for the recruitment of promoters that initiate protein synthesis and the 5' to 3' looping of mRNA during translation. The mRNA 5ʹ cap regulates splicing, nuclear output, resistance to exonuclease degradation, and initiation of translation.
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