{"version":"1.0","type":"rich","provider_name":"Acast","provider_url":"https://acast.com","height":250,"width":700,"html":"<iframe src=\"https://embed.acast.com/$/65b7ceb0124cd20018047a5c/6997250b7012ce53769ecd32?\" frameBorder=\"0\" width=\"700\" height=\"250\"></iframe>","title":"Better know a non-nuke: Kazakhstan","thumbnail_width":200,"thumbnail_height":200,"thumbnail_url":"https://open-images.acast.com/shows/65b7ceb0124cd20018047a5c/1771512693197-cc7a6b9c-220b-4e73-8879-6e99bbf65c2d.jpeg?height=200","description":"<p>In this&nbsp;week’s&nbsp;episode of The Arms Control Primer, Dr Alexander&nbsp;Bollfrass&nbsp;speaks with Dr&nbsp;Togzhan&nbsp;Kassenova&nbsp;about Kazakhstan’s legacy as the Soviet Union’s primary nuclear testing&nbsp;site, the human and environmental toll at Semipalatinsk, and the political decision to relinquish the world’s fourth-largest nuclear arsenal.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>They explore Kazakhstan’s path from inheriting over 1,000 warheads to joining the NPT, shaping the Budapest Memorandum, and championing the TPNW and what its experience means for today’s nuclear risk debates.&nbsp;</p><p><br></p><p>📩 Join the conversation—follow us on X (@IISS_org), LinkedIn or Instagram (iissorg) or visit the webpage of our Strategy, Technology and Arms Control research programme: <a href=\"https://www.iiss.org/research/strategy-technology-and-arms-control/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" target=\"_blank\">Strategy, Technology and Arms Control | IISS Research programme</a>&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>","author_name":"The International Institute for Strategic Studies "}