All About Hinduism

Caste is one of the most complicated and misunderstood concepts encountered when attempting to understand India and Hinduism. Yet caste and a so-called caste system have become the singular focus of how Indian and Hindu society and culture are seen by the West — and increasingly being focused on by activists within the diaspora. Sources:German Indology, Aryanism, and Anti-Semitism, by Vishwa Adluri and Joydeep BagcheeThe Indian Caste System and The British – Ethnographic Mapping and the Construction of the British Census in India, by Kevin HobsonThe Brahmin, the Aryan, and the Powers of the Priestly Class: Puzzles in the Study of Indian Religion, by Marianne Keppens and Jakob De RooverCaste Confusion and Census Enumeration in Colonial India, 1871–1921 by Kevin Walby and Michael HaanCensus in Colonial India and the Birth of Caste by Padmanabh SamarendraEthnographic inquiry in colonial India: Herbert Risley, William Crooke, and the study of tribes and castes by C.J. Fuller‘Untouchable’: What is in a Name?, by Simon CharsleyScheduled Castes vs. Caste Hindus: About a Colonial Distinction and Its Legal Impact, by Jakob de Roover

Hindu teachings and traditions continue to be widely misunderstood because of inaccurate or stereotyped, caricatured “caste, cows, and karma” portrayals.

Hinduism’s most basic ethical foundation — its guidelines, observances, and practices for living — are called yama and niyama. As most generally expressed, there are five of each. The yamas are often described as principles, while the niyamas are often called practices or observances. 

The cycle of reincarnation — birth, death, and rebirth — is called s​amsara.​ It is the process through which individual divine consciousness or souls, for lack of better word, repeatedly take on a physical body through being born on Earth. Though these physical bodies die, each immortal soul continues to exist, until being reincarnated again and again, in a process of spiritual evolution and development.

Despite the fact that the word karma is arguably one of the most common Hindu concepts to have entered into casual usage in the Western world, it's a much understood topic, both overly complicated and sometimes overly simplified.

One-word English translations of dharma provided by scholars are numerous. Law, duty, custom, religion, path are all regularly used. But none of those singularly hold together the multifaceted nature of the word, the many ways in which it’s used.

Every culture marks moments in human life in some way. We honor and recognize those points where our experience of and place in society moves, through a doorway, passing from one room, as it were, to the next. In doing so, in making that passage, we become changed. In Hinduism these rites of passage, these sacraments, are called samskāra​.

Hindu scripture is replete with passages supporting vegetarian diet. In practice less than half of all Hindus are fully vegetarian. In this episode we explore why that is, the Hindu environmental case for vegetarianism, and a dharmic perspective on veganism.