A History of Europe Key Battles

President Ebert dies of illness, prompting a presidential election, which is won by the former WW1 military commander Paul von Hindenburg. International negotiations continue, culminating in the Treaty of Locarno, in which France, Germany and Belgium agreed never to attack each other again. Germany joins the League of Nations, and Hitler re-asserts his authority over the National Socialist Party.Picture: President Paul von Hindenbergwww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946Opening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettese

Post World War One Germany Struggles to pay the reparations demanded in the Treaty of Versailles.Picture: President Ebert asked Gustav Stresemann, leader of the DVP party, who formed a government coalition in 1923www.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946Opening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettese

The early years of Adolf Hitler as he becomes politically active and joins the Nazi party. Meanwhile the Weimar Republic struggles with harsh post-war conditions and attempted uprisings from both the Left and Right.Photo: German police sent to put down a left-wing rebellion known as the March Actionwww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946Opening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettese

After World War One, political upheaval in Germany leads to the overthrow of the German monarchy and establishment of a new republic based in the town of Weimar.Photo: Proclamation of Weimar Republic, 9 November 1918.www.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946Opening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettese

Mussolini consolidates his control of Italy, using a combination of intimidation, violence and occasional compromise to establish an authoritarian regime. He introduces a number of projects to boost Italy, including strengthing the currency, agricultural refor, after-work clubs and family planning, with mixed results. He also embarked on an expansionist foreign policy.Picture: Mussolini with the fascist youthOpening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettesewww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/c/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946

After World War One Italy suffered social unrest due to economic hardship and nationalism. Benito Mussolini led a new Fascist movement which took power in the March on Rome in October 1922Picture: Benito MussoliniOpening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettesewww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/c/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946

A delegation from Ireland meet the British and make an agreement for Irish autonomy but makes a compromise to keep under under the British Crown.The Irish break into two sides, one supporting the treaty, one opposing it and demanding full independence and a republic. The ensuing Irish Civil War left a bitter legacy.Picture: Bombing of the Four CourtsOpening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettesewww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/c/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946

In January 1919 a group of recently elected Sinn Fien MPs gathered in Dublin. There they proclaimed the establishment of an Irish Republic and adopted a ‘Declaration of Independence’, which asserted Ireland’s right to be a sovereign nation. I describe here the background to the Irish people's struggle for independence from the United Kingdom, including the Easter Rising 1916.Picture: Royal Irish ConstabularyOpening Music: The Charlston. End Music by Nico Vettesewww.historyeurope.netwww.patreon.com/c/historyeuropehttps://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/a-history-of-europe-key-battles/id788893946